Can anyone tell me whats 'sin x' and 'cos x' in graphing?

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If sin(x) is graphed it produces what is known as a sine wave. See the sources for a picture. The graph of cos(x) is exactly the same except that it has a phase shift of (π/2). Both sine and cosine waves have incredibly important applications. They are used in wave analysis in physics and in circuits in electrical engineering. The voltage that comes out of your powerpoint at home is sinusoidal (sine wave).