These questions show up in Calculus all the time when you are looking at differential equations.All you have to do is read the sentence and realize that1) the word "is" means 'equals'. 2) "directly proportional" just means that the relationship is a linear one that goes through the point (0,0). Since we don't know the slope of the line, we label that with constant. We usually use the letter k.y is directly proportional to the cube of xis justy = k(x^3)