Those rarely if ever are addressed on the AP exam, but I'm happy to describe them. Which book do you have, I want to make sure I address everything your text talks about. Dialysis is what some people call filtration. It's kind of like osmosis in a way. It uses a membrane that has pores that allow small molecules through but large molecules cannot. This is the kind of thing that happens in your kidney. Special structures in your kidney called nephrons allow small molecules (like urea, potassium, etc) to leak out of your blood supply, while larger things like proteins, etc stay in the blood. Usually, when people talk about dialysis, they are talking about the procedure used to help people with kidney problems. They run their blood thru dialysis tubing which has small pores in it. Outside the tubing is a fluid that is isotonic to the blood with equal concentrations of important chemicals that need to stay in the blood, but no wastes, so the wastes diffuse out, thus cleaning it
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